Title |
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, National and Community Measures - Volume 12, Number 1—January 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
|
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid1201.051371 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
David Bell, Angus Nicoll, Keiji Fukuda, Peter Horby, Arnold Monto, Frederick Hayden, Clare Wylks, Lance Sanders, Jonathan van Tam |
Abstract |
The World Health Organization's recommended pandemic influenza interventions, based on limited data, vary by transmission pattern, pandemic phase, and illness severity and extent. In the pandemic alert period, recommendations include isolation of patients and quarantine of contacts, accompanied by antiviral therapy. During the pandemic period, the focus shifts to delaying spread and reducing effects through population-based measures. Ill persons should remain home when they first become symptomatic, but forced isolation and quarantine are ineffective and impractical. If the pandemic is severe, social distancing measures such as school closures should be considered. Nonessential domestic travel to affected areas should be deferred. Hand and respiratory hygiene should be routine; mask use should be based on setting and risk, and contaminated household surfaces should be disinfected. Additional research and field assessments during pandemics are essential to update recommendations. Legal authority and procedures for implementing interventions should be understood in advance and should respect cultural differences and human rights. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 19 | 9% |
Netherlands | 13 | 6% |
France | 9 | 4% |
Canada | 5 | 2% |
Australia | 4 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 1% |
Panama | 2 | <1% |
Japan | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Other | 12 | 6% |
Unknown | 130 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 183 | 91% |
Scientists | 14 | 7% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 1% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 5 | 2% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
United States | 2 | <1% |
Thailand | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 274 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 53 | 18% |
Student > Master | 41 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 33 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 28 | 10% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 20 | 7% |
Other | 65 | 23% |
Unknown | 47 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 64 | 22% |
Social Sciences | 27 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 9% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 19 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 4% |
Other | 73 | 25% |
Unknown | 66 | 23% |